音響在擴(kuò)聲方面，需要通過電聲來控制和提升室內(nèi)的一直，對于戶外音視頻系統(tǒng)來說，戶外的音質(zhì)是由電聲系統(tǒng)來設(shè)計(jì)和控制的，它設(shè)計(jì)的目的是為了保護(hù)音響系統(tǒng)的聲源和末端揚(yáng)聲器，讓它們可以在一個(gè)聲場區(qū)域內(nèi)，讓觀眾能夠感受到真實(shí)的聲源，提升效果，因此在設(shè)計(jì)音響工程的時(shí)候，要掌握的方法，那么大家了解音響工程的施工方法嗎?是不是不清楚呢?接下來我們一起來看看吧!
In the aspect of sound reinforcement, it is necessary to control and improve the indoor sound quality through electro sound. For outdoor audio and video system, the outdoor sound quality is designed and controlled by electro sound system. The purpose of its design is to protect the sound source and end speaker of sound system, so that they can be in a sound field area, so that the audience can feel the real sound source and improve the effect, Therefore, in the design of sound engineering, to master the method, then we understand the construction method of professional sound engineering? Is it not clear? Next, let's have a look!
一、擴(kuò)聲系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)條件
1、 Design conditions of sound reinforcement system
為了達(dá)到良好的音質(zhì)，擴(kuò)聲系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)需要滿足一些必要的條件，這是整個(gè)音響系統(tǒng)聲學(xué)指標(biāo)設(shè)計(jì)的基本要求。
In order to achieve good sound quality, the design of sound reinforcement system needs to meet some necessary conditions, which is the basic requirement of the acoustic index design of the whole sound system.
1、需要低背景噪音
1. Low background noise is required
用于擴(kuò)聲的大廳和房間需要具有低背景噪音。噪音可能不僅在室外XZM語料，也可能在室內(nèi)XZM語料，如移動(dòng)時(shí)空調(diào)、通風(fēng)設(shè)備和光學(xué)設(shè)備產(chǎn)生的噪音。應(yīng)采取措施盡可能降低聽力環(huán)境的噪音。
Halls and rooms used for sound reinforcement need to have low background noise. Noise may be generated not only in outdoor XZM corpus, but also in indoor XZM corpus, such as mobile spatiotemporal modulation, ventilation equipment and optical equipment. Measures should be taken to reduce the noise in the listening environment as much as possible.
過大的噪音將導(dǎo)致擴(kuò)聲系統(tǒng)的清晰度和可懂度降低，這使得音響系統(tǒng)難以達(dá)到所需的音質(zhì)。增加設(shè)備的輸出功率以提高輸出聲壓級(jí)可能導(dǎo)致聲音反饋，使系統(tǒng)無法穩(wěn)定工作。
Excessive noise will reduce the clarity and intelligibility of the sound reinforcement system, which makes it difficult for the sound system to achieve the required sound quality. Increasing the output power of the equipment to improve the output sound pressure level may lead to sound feedback, which makes the system unable to work stably.
2、音響工程應(yīng)具有均勻合理的聲壓級(jí)
2. Professional sound engineering should have uniform and reasonable sound pressure level
根據(jù)不同類型的擴(kuò)聲要求室內(nèi)聲壓級(jí)達(dá)到一定值。具體來說，音樂放大應(yīng)達(dá)到平均聲壓級(jí)80~85分貝，語言放大70~75分貝，背景音樂60~70分貝，不均勻性應(yīng)控制在4分貝以內(nèi)。這就要求擴(kuò)聲系統(tǒng)要有足夠的輸出功率和聲音增益，室內(nèi)聲場要均勻擴(kuò)散，近時(shí)反射聲要充分合理利用，音箱的輻射特性和放置位置要合理選擇。
According to different types of sound reinforcement requirements, the indoor sound pressure level reaches a certain value. Specifically, music amplification should reach an average sound pressure level of 80 ~ 85 dB, language amplification of 70 ~ 75 dB, background music of 60 ~ 70 dB, and non-uniformity should be controlled within 4 dB. This requires that the sound reinforcement system should have enough output power and sound gain, the indoor sound field should be evenly diffused, the near-time reflected sound should be fully and reasonably utilized, and the radiation characteristics and placement position of the speaker should be reasonably selected.
3、確保清晰
3. Ensure clarity
擴(kuò)聲系統(tǒng)應(yīng)確保聲音的清晰度和語言的可懂度。這一要求對于語音強(qiáng)化場合尤為重要，一般認(rèn)為輔音清晰度的容許損失率不應(yīng)超過15%。對于主要專注于音樂回放或擴(kuò)聲的廳堂，這個(gè)指標(biāo)可以適當(dāng)放寬，但需要更好的音效。
The sound reinforcement system shall ensure the clarity of sound and the intelligibility of language. This requirement is particularly important for speech enhancement. It is generally believed that the allowable loss rate of consonant articulation should not exceed 15%. For halls that mainly focus on music playback or sound reinforcement, this index can be relaxed appropriately, but better sound effects are needed.
4、音響工程應(yīng)確保系統(tǒng)能夠穩(wěn)定工作
4. Professional audio engineering should ensure that the system can work stably
當(dāng)音響系統(tǒng)達(dá)到規(guī)定的平均聲壓級(jí)時(shí)，應(yīng)具有足夠的聲音反饋穩(wěn)定裕度，以確保系統(tǒng)不會(huì)因反饋而自激和尖叫。通常，反饋穩(wěn)定裕度要求為6dB。
When the sound system reaches the specified average sound pressure level, it should have enough sound feedback stability margin to ensure that the system will not self excite and scream due to feedback. Generally, the feedback stability margin is required to be 6dB.
5、聲像與圖像基本一致
5. The sound image is basically consistent with the image
一個(gè)成功的擴(kuò)音系統(tǒng)應(yīng)該保證聲像與圖像一致，這樣觀眾就不會(huì)注意到擴(kuò)音設(shè)備的存在，就像他們直接從舞臺(tái)上聽到聲音一樣。
A successful public address system should ensure that the sound image is consistent with the image, so that the audience will not notice the existence of the public address equipment, just as they hear the sound directly from the stage.
6、應(yīng)具有良好的傳輸頻率特性和低失真
6. It should have good transmission frequency characteristics and low distortion
音頻系統(tǒng)應(yīng)具有寬而平坦的頻率響應(yīng)和低失真。
The audio system should have wide and flat frequency response and low distortion.
關(guān)于音響工程設(shè)計(jì)的基本方法，上述內(nèi)容中已經(jīng)為大家總結(jié)完了，從中我們了解到，想要達(dá)到的擴(kuò)聲效果，需要需要低背景噪音、應(yīng)具有均勻合理的聲壓級(jí)、確保清晰的音效、確保系統(tǒng)能夠穩(wěn)定工作、聲像與圖像要一致、應(yīng)具有良好的傳輸頻率特性和低失真率，大家在施工的時(shí)候，可以參考上面的方法哦!
As for the basic methods of sound engineering design, the above contents have been summarized for you. We know that to achieve professional sound reinforcement effect, we need low background noise, uniform and reasonable sound pressure level, clear sound effect, stable operation of the system, consistent sound image and image, good transmission frequency characteristics and low fidelity, We can refer to the above methods when we are in construction!
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